主题:链表数据结构
记得我以前用链表的的时候,总要在结构里写next或prev,在调用时又要去配置这些next或prev,或是复制以前的代码。现在作者竟然把这种结构都抽像出来,不得不让人惊叹。现在使用这个结构,我就不再用考虑那些问题,而是直接使用,条理还很清析。
这个结构包括堆栈、队列、双向链表(原本它就是用一个双向链表来实现的)。
以下是结构的代码,它是开源的,大家放心使用。就一个头文件
[code=c]
//list.h
#ifndef _LINUX_LIST_H_
#define _LINUX_LIST_H_
#ifndef __inline__
#define __inline__
#endif
/*
* Simple doubly linked list implementation.
*
* Some of the internal functions ("__xxx") are useful when
* manipulating whole lists rather than single entries, as
* sometimes we already know the next/prev entries and we can
* generate better code by using them directly rather than
* using the generic single-entry routines.
*/
struct list_head {
struct list_head *next, *prev;
};
#define LIST_HEAD_INIT(name) { &(name), &(name) }
#define LIST_HEAD(name) \
struct list_head name = LIST_HEAD_INIT(name)
#define INIT_LIST_HEAD(ptr) do { \
(ptr)->next = (ptr); (ptr)->prev = (ptr); \
} while (0)
/*
* Insert a new entry between two known consecutive entries.
*
* This is only for internal list manipulation where we know
* the prev/next entries already!
*/
static __inline__ void __list_add(struct list_head * lh_new,
struct list_head * prev,
struct list_head * next)
{
next->prev = lh_new;
lh_new->next = next;
lh_new->prev = prev;
prev->next = lh_new;
}
/**
* list_add - add a new entry
* @new: new entry to be added
* @head: list head to add it after
*
* Insert a new entry after the specified head.
* This is good for implementing stacks.
*/
static __inline__ void list_add(struct list_head *lh_new, struct list_head *head)
{
__list_add(lh_new, head, head->next);
}
/**
* list_add_tail - add a new entry
* @new: new entry to be added
* @head: list head to add it before
*
* Insert a new entry before the specified head.
* This is useful for implementing queues.
*/
static __inline__ void list_add_tail(struct list_head *lh_new, struct list_head *head)
{
__list_add(lh_new, head->prev, head);
}
/*
* Delete a list entry by making the prev/next entries
* point to each other.
*
* This is only for internal list manipulation where we know
* the prev/next entries already!
*/
static __inline__ void __list_del(struct list_head * prev,
struct list_head * next)
{
next->prev = prev;
prev->next = next;
}
/**
* list_del - deletes entry from list.
* @entry: the element to delete from the list.
* Note: list_empty on entry does not return TRUE after this, the entry is in an undefined state.
*/
static __inline__ void list_del(struct list_head *entry)
{
__list_del(entry->prev, entry->next);
entry->next = entry->prev = 0;
}
/**
* list_del_init - deletes entry from list and reinitialize it.
* @entry: the element to delete from the list.
*/
static __inline__ void list_del_init(struct list_head *entry)
{
__list_del(entry->prev, entry->next);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(entry);
}
/**
* list_empty - tests whether a list is empty
* @head: the list to test.
*/
static __inline__ int list_empty(struct list_head *head)
{
return head->next == head;
}
/**
* list_splice - join two lists
* @list: the new list to add.
* @head: the place to add it in the first list.
*/
static __inline__ void list_splice(struct list_head *list, struct list_head *head)
{
struct list_head *first = list->next;
if (first != list) {
struct list_head *last = list->prev;
struct list_head *at = head->next;
first->prev = head;
head->next = first;
last->next = at;
at->prev = last;
}
}
/**
* list_entry - get the struct for this entry
* @ptr: the &struct list_head pointer.
* @type: the type of the struct this is embedded in.
* @member: the name of the list_struct within the struct.
*/
#define list_entry(ptr, type, member) \
((type *)((char *)(ptr)-(unsigned long)(&((type *)0)->member)))
/**
* list_for_each - iterate over a list
* @pos: the &struct list_head to use as a loop counter.
* @head: the head for your list.
*/
#define list_for_each(pos, head) \
for (pos = (head)->next; pos != (head); \
pos = pos->next)
/**
* list_for_each_safe - iterate over a list safe against removal of list entry
* @pos: the &struct list_head to use as a loop counter.
* @n: another &struct list_head to use as temporary storage
* @head: the head for your list.
*/
#define list_for_each_safe(pos, n, head) \
for (pos = (head)->next, n = pos->next; pos != (head); \
pos = n, n = pos->next)
#endif // _LINUX_LIST_H_[/code]
用法在注释里都写得很清础了。以下是我的一个示例,有不足之处,大家随时提出,我也是在学习研究。
[code=c]
// main.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "list.h"
typedef struct _test_list
{
int a;
list_head head;
}test_list;
void print_list(list_head *head)
{
list_head *ptr;
test_list *l;
list_for_each(ptr, head)
{
l = list_entry(ptr, test_list, head);
printf("%d ", l->a);
}
}
void drop_list(list_head *head)
{
test_list *l = NULL;
while (!list_empty(head))
{
l = list_entry(head->next, test_list, head);
list_del(&l->head);
free(l);
}
}
void insert_stack(list_head *head, int n)
{
test_list *l = (test_list*)malloc(sizeof(test_list));
l->a = n;
list_add(&l->head, head);
}
void insert_queue(list_head *head, int n)
{
test_list *l = (test_list*)malloc(sizeof(test_list));
l->a = n;
list_add_tail(&l->head, head);
}
int main()
{
list_head stacks_list;
list_head queues_list;
int i;
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&stacks_list);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&queues_list);
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
insert_stack(&stacks_list, i);
insert_queue(&queues_list, i);
}
printf("stack is:\n");
print_list(&stacks_list);
printf("\nqueue is:\n");
print_list(&queues_list);
printf("\n");
system("pause");
drop_list(&stacks_list);
drop_list(&queues_list);
return 0;
}[/code]